What is Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI) and How to Calculate It

SL
SmoothLedger Editorial TeamVerified financial & SaaS content
Published November 14, 20259 min read
Guide Summary & Key Takeaways

Lenders look at one number more than any other before giving you a loan: Your DTI. Learn how to calculate it and what is considered a 'good' ratio.

You might have a great credit score, but if your Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio is too high, you will still be rejected for that mortgage or business loan. DTI measures your ability to manage monthly payments and is the #1 metric lenders use to assess risk.

The Formula

(Total Monthly Debt Payments / Gross Monthly Income) x 100 = DTI %

Example:
Rent: $1,200
Car Loan: $400
Student Loan: $200
Credit Card Minimums: $100
Total Debt: $1,900

Gross Income: $5,000

1900 / 5000 = 0.38 = 38% DTI.

What is a Good DTI?

  • Under 36%: Excellent. Lenders love this. You'll get the best rates.
  • 36% – 43%: Good. You will likely get approved, perhaps with slightly higher rates.
  • Over 43%: Risky. Many mortgage lenders cannot lend to you by law above this limit (Qualified Mortgage rule).
  • Over 50%: Danger zone. Most lenders will decline your application outright.

How to Improve Your DTI

  1. Pay down existing debt (focus on the highest-payment debts first)
  2. Increase your income (side hustle, raise, overtime)
  3. Avoid new debt before applying for a major loan
  4. Refinance existing loans to lower monthly payments

Need help calculating payments? Use our loan calculator to see exactly what a new loan would add to your monthly obligations.

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